OFF THE STRAIGHT AND NARROW
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WELWYN GARDEN CITY - On June 15th, 1935, a train from London King's Cross to Leeds collided with a train from Kings Cross to Newcastle at night. Fourteen people were killed and 29 injured. The accident was a rear collision caused by a signalman's error. The signalman at Welwyn Garden City, who had been fairly recently appointed to the box, became confused and accepted two trains into the same block section. The Newcastle train, arriving first, received a signal check and was slowed down to 15‒20 mph; the Leeds train consisting of 11 coaches hauled by Class K3 2-6-0 No 4009 ran into it at approximately 65 mph. There were several significant features. Firstly, the Inspecting Officer felt that the signalman had been promoted beyond his level of competence for such a busy box, and the assessment and training procedures for signalmen should be improved. Secondly, he recommended that the block instruments should be linked to the track circuits to prevent future occurrences in such a way that a "Line clear" indication could only be given on the block instrument if the track circuits had registered passage of a train; this was widely adopted and known as 'Welwyn Control'. Most of the casualties occurred in the second train. The first train was composed entirely of modern coaching stock with steel frames and buckeye couplings and, although the last coach of the train was telescoped, pushed 140 yard by the locomotive and ripped off it bogies, the only serious casualties in it were the guard and his dog. The second train was compose mainly of older stock and it was in these that most of the casualties occurred. Here we see the damage to the rear coach of the second train.